Swift X-ray Telescope study of the Black Hole Binary MAXI J1659-152: Variability from a two component accretion flow

We present an energy dependent X-ray variability study of the 2010 outburst of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1659-152 with the Swift X-ray Telescope (XRT). The broad-band noise components and the quasi periodic oscillations (QPO) observed in the power spectra show a strong and varied energy dependence. Combining Swift XRT data with data from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, we report, for the first time, an rms spectrum (fractional rms amplitude as a function of energy) of these components in the 0.5-30 keV energy range. We find that the strength of the low-frequency component (< 0.1 Hz) decreases with energy, contrary to the higher frequency components (> 0.1 Hz) whose strengths increase with energy. In the context of the propagating fluctuations model for X-ray variability, we suggest that the low-frequency component originates in the accretion disk (which dominates emission below ~ 2 keV) and the higher frequency components are formed in the hot flow (which dominates emission above ~ 2 keV). As the properties of the QPO suggest that it may have a different driving mechanism, we investigate the Lense-Thirring precession of the hot flow as a candidate model. We also report on the QPO coherence evolution for the first time in the energy band below 2 keV. While there are strong indications that the QPO is less coherent at energies below 2 keV than above 2 keV, the coherence increases with intensity similar to what is observed at energies above 2 keV in other black-hole X-ray binaries.Comment: 12 pages, 6 Figures, 2 Tables, Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journa

A Study of Cumulative Record Systems and Other Guidance Services Offered in South Dakota High Schools with Enrollments Between 125 and 200 Students

The author has based his study on the cumulative records and other guidance services of the schools in South Dakota with enrollments between 125 and 200 high school students. This was done because the cumulative record in the school is the focal point for all data collected in the students, (thus the central location of the data makes available for the administration, teachers, and other persons of the guidance program). The cumulative record or individual inventory, as those terms are synonymous, is just one of the guidance services. There are five basic guidance services. These are the Cumulative Record or Individual Inventory, Counseling, Information, Placement, and Follow-up Service. Each of the above services will be evaluated by the author in this study within the limits of the survey. The information found in the cumulative records is in the form of test data and non-data. Test data are that information about students derived from a program of testing. Non-test data are any other information about students which can be collected and entered into the cumulative record. Non-test data should include information such as: personal information, name, date of birth, evidence of birth, sex, color, race, and residence of student and/or parents. Other information involves facts about house and community, names of parents or guardian, language spoken in the home, marital status, economic status of the home, school attendance record, heath record, and other miscellaneous records such as employment record during school year and vocational plans. Counseling is one of the services if the guidance program that can use all of the information from other services. Counseling is a person to person relationship. It provides a situation in which the individual is stimulated: (1) to evaluate himself and his opportunities; (2) to choose a feasible course of action; (3) to accept responsibilities for his choice; and (4) to initiate a course of action for his choices. Placement is also a service of the program which should be given a great deal of attention. This does not mean merely placing the students in a college or in other positions after graduation but also helping the students while they are in school. Placing the students in the right grade and/or course, providing assistance in making adequate adjustments in the classroom, and placing students in part-time positions while in school are techniques of placement. The information service supplies information to the students about college and trade school offerings, and vocational information in the field of their interests. Follow-up should be continued in graduates and drop-outs. The contact with these students can serve as an evaluation of the guidance program and the program of the school. It is one means of showing that interests in the students does not cease at graduation or when a person leaves school for other reasons. The author, being interested in the field of guidance, has become aware of the need of a greater interest in the field of guidance in many schools in South Dakota. Gudence is based upon the fact that human beings need help, Everyone needs help or assistance at some time in his life, some will need it constantly thoughout their lives, while others need assistance at only rare intervals

Prosecuting Buyers in Human Trafficking Cases: An Analysis of the Implications of United States v. Jungers and United States v. Bonestroo

This article provides a review and analysis of United States v. Jungers and United States v. Bonestroo, important court cases providing precedent for charging buyers of sex as traffickers in cases involving minors. The decisions in these court cases, and in subsequent cases, further solidify the presence of end-demand efforts in the form of prosecution. Yet, the decisions in these cases raise additional questions about their implications for state-level prosecution, the prosecution of buyers in cases involving adults who experience sex trafficking, and the buyers of trafficked labor. Drawing from an analysis of relevant cases, this article analyzes the impact of United States v. Jungers and United States v. Bonestroo on subsequent cases, and argues for the potential of such cases to impact prosecution efforts in other facets of human trafficking